Some important information on broad spectrum antibiotics
In the treatment of bacterial infections, broad spectrum antibiotics may be prescribed by a doctor to eligible individuals. However, there are various types of medications on the market, and these medications may not be suitable for everyone.
The medical review team at Chemist2U has prepared some information on these antibiotic therapy options that you can discuss with your doctor.
In this article
How do broad spectrum antibiotics work?
Narrow versus broad spectrum
Antibiotics may be prescribed as an infection remedy or for other indications. Some of these may include respiratory infections, urinary tract infections (UTI), and more. A narrow-spectrum antibiotic targets only a few types of bacteria. Antibiotics that target a broad range of bacteria are known as broad spectrum antibiotics.
It is possible to treat infections with both types. However, using broad spectrum antibiotics when they’re not needed can cause bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics.[1]
Types of broad spectrum antibiotics
The following is a list of common types of broad spectrum antibiotics and common indications. These may not cover all the possible indications for each type.[2]
- Penicillins are used for a wide variety of infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin infections, UTIs, and some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Some examples are amoxicillin and co-amoxiclav.
- Cephalosporins, like cefalexin, are commonly used in hospital settings to treat infections caused by a variety of bacteria.
- Aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin and tobramycin, may be prescribed for some eye and ear infections, as well as severe infections in hospital settings, such as bloodstream infections or pneumonia.
- Tetracyclines, like doxycycline and minocycline, may be prescribed for respiratory tract infections, acne, and rosacea.
- Macrolides like azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin may be prescribed for lung and chest infections; they may also be prescribed for those with penicillin allergies or to treat penicillin-resistant strains.
- Fluoroquinolones, which include medications like ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, may be used for UTIs, STDs, and certain gastrointestinal infections.
In a community setting, some of the most commonly prescribed broad spectrum antibiotics in Australia are amoxicillin, cefalexin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Most antibiotic prescriptions are provided by general practitioners, comprising 88% of prescriptions. Talk to your doctor about whether antibiotics are needed for your situation.[3]
How do you take broad spectrum antibiotics?
Antibiotics can be taken orally, through intravenous infusion, or other methods, depending on your prescription.
Some broad spectrum antibiotics should always be taken at the same time of day, while others should be taken before, with, or after meals. It is usually necessary to take medicines at set times so that the effects are spread out equally throughout the day.[4] It is important to listen and strictly follow your doctor’s indicated dosage instructions to maintain the effectiveness of medications.
Finally, antibiotics are usually taken with water because taking them with fruit juices, dairy products, or alcohol could potentially alter their absorption. Calcium-containing drinks and dietary supplements may also dampen antibiotic effects.[5]
Who can take broad spectrum antibiotics?
The use of broad spectrum antibiotics is limited to treating infections caused by bacteria.
Some examples are strep throat, whooping cough, and other conditions caused by bacteria, such as sepsis. It’s important to note that they do not work on viral infections, such as those that cause runny noses, flu, chest colds, or sore throat (except strep throat). They are also typically not prescribed for some common bacterial infections, like some ear infections or sinus infections.[6]
However, this may vary based on individual circumstances. As such, a doctor’s recommendation is always necessary. In general, individuals cannot secure antibiotics without prescriptions.
Antibiotics during pregnancy
Prescriptions may vary widely for pregnant and breastfeeding women. In the same way as with other medications, potential risks need to be weighed.[7]
During pregnancy, certain antibiotics are known to be teratogenic; in these cases, your doctor may advise you not to take them. For example, tetracycline may weaken, cause hypoplasia, and discolour the long bones and teeth. Streptomycin and kanamycin can cause hearing loss.[8]
Side effects of broad spectrum antibiotics
Common side effects
Broad spectrum antibiotics can cause side effects, as with all medicines. There are some common side effects, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and thrush infections, whether in the mouth or vagina. A less common side effect is ongoing diarrhea or allergic reactions.
Potential allergic reactions
If you are allergic to antibiotics, you may develop signs and symptoms. These might include a rash, swelling of the face, or difficulty breathing. While any antibiotic could cause an allergy, most allergies are caused by penicillin or antibiotics closely related to penicillin, called sulfonamides.
Broad spectrum antibiotics and other medications
Due to the wide variety of broad spectrum antibiotics, it’s important to note that one antibiotic may have a different set of medication interactions with another. For more detailed information on interactions, speak with your doctor.
Medicines you should not use with broad spectrum antibiotics
Some research has indicated that the most important adverse interactions with antibiotics involve drugs with low toxicity or efficacy ratios. Anticoagulants such as warfarin, anticonvulsants such as phenytoin and phenobarbitone, and oral antidiabetic drugs such as tolbutamide fall into this category.[9]
However, concerns about contraindications related to the specific antibiotics you may be taking can only be addressed by your doctor. Be sure to tell them about any other medications you are taking.
How to order broad spectrum antibiotics through Chemist2U
With Chemist2U, ordering prescription medication is simple, ensuring individuals have the medications they need whenever they need them, whether they need Triprim (trimethoprim), Resprim Forte (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim), or Alprim (trimethoprim).
First, download the Chemist2U app. You can also use this website to easily upload your eScript. Once you’ve uploaded your prescriptions online, browse our selection to add any over-the-counter medication and general pharmacy products you might need – the same way you would in a physical pharmacy. From here, a trusted partner chemist from your local area will prepare your order with care.
For same-day chemist delivery directly to you, order before the cutoff time (note that cutoff times may vary per location). A minority of products (inc. Ozempic and Mounjaro) are delivered via AusPost. Kindly allow five to seven business days for such medications to be delivered.
In addition, we make it easy to keep all your scripts online in one place. This ensures you’re always on top of your medication. Reminders will be sent when it’s time to reorder a refill or obtain a new e-prescription. Our Ask a Pharmacist service is also available for general questions about your medications.
Order home delivery at Chemist2U today!
References
[1] https://www.pcori.org/research-results/2013/comparing-broad-and-narrow-spectrum-antibiotics-children-ear-sinus-and-throat-infections
[2] https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/antibiotics/
[3] https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/publications-and-resources/resource-library/aura-2016-first-australian-australian-report-antimicrobial-use-and-resistance-human-health
[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361005/
[5] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361005/
[6] https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/q-a.html
[7] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2760892/
